Mechanisms of apoptosis induced by purine nucleosides in astrocytes
Identifieur interne : 003016 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003015; suivant : 003017Mechanisms of apoptosis induced by purine nucleosides in astrocytes
Auteurs : Patrizia Di Iorio [Italie] ; Sonya Kleywegt [Italie, Canada] ; Renata Ciccarelli [Italie] ; Ugo Traversa [Italie] ; Craig M. Andrew [Canada] ; Candice E. Crocker [Canada] ; Eva S. Werstiuk [Canada] ; Michel P. Rathbone [Canada]Source :
- Glia [ 0894-1491 ] ; 2002-05.
English descriptors
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Abstract
Astrocytes release adenine‐based and guanine‐based purines under physiological and, particularly, pathological conditions. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if adenosine induced apoptosis in cultured rat astrocytes. Further, if guanosine, which increases the extracellular concentration of adenosine, also induced apoptosis determined using the TUNEL and Annexin V assays. Adenosine induced apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent manner up to 100 μM. Inosine, hypoxanthine, guanine, and guanosine did not. Guanosine or adenosine (100 μM) added to the culture medium was metabolized, with 35% or 15%, respectively, remaining after 2–3 h. Guanosine evoked the extracellular accumulation of adenosine, and particularly of adenine‐based nucleotides. Cotreatment with EHNA and guanosine increased the extracellular accumulation of adenosine and induced apoptosis. Inhibition of the nucleoside transporters using NBTI (100 μM) or propentophylline (100 μM) significantly decreased but did not abolish the apoptosis induced by guanosine + EHNA or adenosine + EHNA, respectively. Apoptosis produced by either guanosine + EHNA or adenosine + EHNA was unaffected by A1 or A2 adenosine receptor antagonists, but was significantly reduced by MRS 1523, a selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonist. Adenosine + EHNA, not guanosine + EHNA, significantly increased the intracellular concentration of S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine (SAH) and greatly reduced the ratio of S‐adenosyl‐L‐methioine to SAH, which is associated with apoptosis. These data demonstrate that adenosine mediates apoptosis of astrocytes both, via activation of A3 adenosine receptors and by modulating SAH hydrolase activity. Guanosine induces apoptosis by accumulating extracellular adenosine, which then acts solely via A3 adenosine receptors. GLIA 38:179–190, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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DOI: 10.1002/glia.10055
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Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if adenosine induced apoptosis in cultured rat astrocytes. Further, if guanosine, which increases the extracellular concentration of adenosine, also induced apoptosis determined using the TUNEL and Annexin V assays. Adenosine induced apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent manner up to 100 μM. Inosine, hypoxanthine, guanine, and guanosine did not. Guanosine or adenosine (100 μM) added to the culture medium was metabolized, with 35% or 15%, respectively, remaining after 2–3 h. Guanosine evoked the extracellular accumulation of adenosine, and particularly of adenine‐based nucleotides. Cotreatment with EHNA and guanosine increased the extracellular accumulation of adenosine and induced apoptosis. Inhibition of the nucleoside transporters using NBTI (100 μM) or propentophylline (100 μM) significantly decreased but did not abolish the apoptosis induced by guanosine + EHNA or adenosine + EHNA, respectively. Apoptosis produced by either guanosine + EHNA or adenosine + EHNA was unaffected by A1 or A2 adenosine receptor antagonists, but was significantly reduced by MRS 1523, a selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonist. Adenosine + EHNA, not guanosine + EHNA, significantly increased the intracellular concentration of S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine (SAH) and greatly reduced the ratio of S‐adenosyl‐L‐methioine to SAH, which is associated with apoptosis. These data demonstrate that adenosine mediates apoptosis of astrocytes both, via activation of A3 adenosine receptors and by modulating SAH hydrolase activity. Guanosine induces apoptosis by accumulating extracellular adenosine, which then acts solely via A3 adenosine receptors. GLIA 38:179–190, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li><li>Italie</li></country></list><tree><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Di Iorio, Patrizia" sort="Di Iorio, Patrizia" uniqKey="Di Iorio P" first="Patrizia" last="Di Iorio">Patrizia Di Iorio</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ciccarelli, Renata" sort="Ciccarelli, Renata" uniqKey="Ciccarelli R" first="Renata" last="Ciccarelli">Renata Ciccarelli</name><name sortKey="Kleywegt, Sonya" sort="Kleywegt, Sonya" uniqKey="Kleywegt S" first="Sonya" last="Kleywegt">Sonya Kleywegt</name><name sortKey="Traversa, Ugo" sort="Traversa, Ugo" uniqKey="Traversa U" first="Ugo" last="Traversa">Ugo Traversa</name></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kleywegt, Sonya" sort="Kleywegt, Sonya" uniqKey="Kleywegt S" first="Sonya" last="Kleywegt">Sonya Kleywegt</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Andrew, Craig M" sort="Andrew, Craig M" uniqKey="Andrew C" first="Craig M." last="Andrew">Craig M. 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